European ban on frogs?

European Union ban on Ayurvedic Medicines

and the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration. The conference was attended by scientists, regulators and academicians from the US, European Union (EU) and Asia. I particularly noted that EU Pharmacopoeia experts are working closely with Chinese counterparts, and that many new monographs on Traditional Chinese Medicine are being added. During one of the panel discussions, an interestin...

European ban on bovine growth hormones should continue: expert.

Ever-Young Sex Chromosomes in European Tree Frogs

Non-recombining sex chromosomes are expected to undergo evolutionary decay, ending up genetically degenerated, as has happened in birds and mammals. Why are then sex chromosomes so often homomorphic in cold-blooded vertebrates? One possible explanation is a high rate of turnover events, replacing master sex-determining genes by new ones on other chromosomes. An alternative is that X-Y similarit...

Extreme heterochiasmy and nascent sex chromosomes in European tree frogs.

We investigated sex-specific recombination rates in Hyla arborea, a species with nascent sex chromosomes and male heterogamety. Twenty microsatellites were clustered into six linkage groups, all showing suppressed or very low recombination in males. Seven markers were sex linked, none of them showing any sign of recombination in males (r=0.00 versus 0.43 on average in females). This opposes cla...

The European Union ban on conventional cages for laying hens: history and prospects.

Since the publication of Animal Machines (Harrison, 1964), there has been widespread public pressure in Europe--supported by European institutions--to "ban the battery cage." The European Union (EU) and national governments (particularly in Northern Europe) funded research on noncage systems for egg production and enriched cages. In 1986, the EU passed a Directive specifying a minimum size for ...